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Boss lesson · The Kettle Problem
Exam-hall rules, kettle on
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Exam-hall rules, kettle on

This is the boss. No calculator — the numbers are chosen to carry in your head, the way a kind examiner sets them: the tap runs at 20 °C so the climb is a clean 80 degrees, and 4.2 × 80 is just 4 × 80 plus a fifth of 80 — 336. One kettle, worked line by line, and every answer feeds the next, so write each one down as you go.

The whole chapter rides in it: the climb priced by Q=mc ΔTQ = mc\,\Delta T, the plateau priced by Q=mLQ = mL, and the legs added — plus one backwards bonus from the freezer. Say each formula aloud before you use it; the read-aloud IS the recall. 5★ under par here is the chapter crown. Put the kettle on.

mcpQΔT

Q=mcΔTQ = m c \Delta T

  • QQ= Heat energy (energy)
  • mm= Mass (mass)
  • cpc_p= Specific heat capacity (specific heat capacity)
  • ΔT\Delta T= Temperature change (temperature difference)
Sensible Heat (Q = mcΔT) solver →
QLmm

Q=mLQ = m L

  • QQ= Heat absorbed or released (energy)
  • mm= Mass changing phase (mass)
  • LL= Specific latent heat (specific latent heat)
Latent Heat solver →
no calculator in the boss room — the numbers are chosen to fit in your head