Grade 10 Science · Latent Heat of Phase Change
The plateau
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The plateau

Drop a thermometer into a glass of melting ice and watch closely: heat pours in from the warm room, and the reading parks at 0 °C until the last sliver of ice is gone. The energy is still being spent — it is buying a change of phase, prying the water molecules loose from the ice, instead of warming anything. On a heating curve this shows up as a flat shelf, and Q=mcΔTQ = mc\,\Delta T is powerless there, because ΔT=0\Delta T = 0.

The plateau has its own formula: Q=mLQ = mL (read aloud: Q equals m L). LL is the latent heat, the crossing fare per kilogram, and notice there is no ΔT\Delta T in it at all. Water posts two fares: melting (or freezing) costs 334 kJ/kg334\ \mathrm{kJ/kg}, and boiling (or condensing) costs 2260 kJ/kg2260\ \mathrm{kJ/kg} — nearly seven times steeper. Same crossing, either direction: melting charges the fare in, freezing pays it back out. Match the fare to the crossing, and never send mcΔTmc\,\Delta T to do a plateau's job.