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Lesson 6 · Sum and product of roots
Vieta's five-second audit
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Vieta's five-second audit

You can interrogate a quadratic's roots without ever finding them. The two roots of ax2+bx+c=0ax^2 + bx + c = 0 always add to S=−baS = -\dfrac{b}{a} — S equals minus b over a — and multiply to P=caP = \dfrac{c}{a} — P equals c over a. The minus rides the SUM; the product travels unsigned. This is Vieta's pair, and it is the exam hall's best five seconds: solved roots that fail either check are wrong, full stop.

And here is the stern part, in your favour: two numbers with the right sum AND the right product ARE the roots — pass both checks and the audit is conclusive. One nugget to carry back: the vertex sits at −b2a-\tfrac{b}{2a}, which is exactly HALF the sum — the turning point is the average of the landings, which is what mirror symmetry has been saying all along.

S

S=−baS = -\frac{b}{a}

  • SS= Sum of the roots
  • aa= Coefficient of x²
  • bb= Coefficient of x
Sum of the Roots of a Quadratic solver →
P

P=caP = \frac{c}{a}

  • PP= Product of the roots
  • aa= Coefficient of x²
  • cc= Constant term
Product of the Roots of a Quadratic solver →