Grade 12 Chemistry · Heat in the cup
Water is the instrument
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Water is the instrument

In calorimetry the water does the measuring, and Q=mcΔTQ = mc\,\Delta T is how you read it. Say it: Q equals m c delta-T. QQ is the heat that moved, in joules; mm is the mass being warmed or cooled, in grams; cc is the specific heat capacity in joules per gram per degree Celsius — for liquid water, 4.18 J/(gC)4.18\ \mathrm{J/(g\cdot^{\circ}C)}, the single most quoted number in this course; and ΔT\Delta T is the temperature change, in degrees Celsius. The Greek delta is said delta, and it means final minus initial — always in that order, every time it appears.

Two consequences of that order, and the exam lives on both. First, ΔT\Delta T is signed: water that cools has a negative ΔT\Delta T, so QQ comes out negative, which is thermochemistry's way of saying the sample handed energy over rather than took it in. Second — and this is the one worth relaxing about — because ΔT\Delta T is a DIFFERENCE, a rise of 25 °C is a rise of 25 K exactly. The two scales are offset, not stretched, so the offset subtracts itself away. Grade 12 chemistry quotes cc per gram, not per kilogram; a mass handed to you in kilograms is a ×1000\times 1000 waiting to be missed.