Three laws, three straight lines
A rate law tells you the speed right now. Integrate it over a clock and you get the concentration ITSELF at any time — an integrated rate law. Three of them matter, and each is named by its order. In all three, is the concentration left at time and is the concentration at the start — the zero subscript always means “when the clock read zero”. is the elapsed time in seconds and is the rate constant.
Zero order: . The rate never changes, so the concentration falls in a straight line and simply stops when the reactant runs out. Here wears — it IS the rate. First order: , with in . The rate is proportional to what is left, so the fall is exponential — forever approaching zero, never arriving. Second order: , with in , waiting in the lesson after next.
Here is the exam's favourite question, and the free gift inside it: each law is STRAIGHT when you plot the right thing. against is straight for zero order; against for first order; against for second. That is how an order is measured in the first place — try all three plots and see which one the data agrees to lie down on. And when you are handed instead of a plot, read its units: they confess the order before you compute a thing.