Grade 12 Math · The cross product and area
Sine measures the spread
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Sine measures the spread

The dot product asks how much two arrows AGREE. The cross product asks the opposite question — how much they SPREAD — and its magnitude is a×b=absinθ|\vec{a}\times\vec{b}| = |\vec{a}|\,|\vec{b}|\sin\theta, read aloud the magnitude of a cross b equals the magnitude of a times the magnitude of b times sine theta, where θ\theta is again the angle between them, from 00^\circ to 180180^\circ. Cosine for the dot, sine for the cross: get that pair the wrong way round and every answer in this lesson inverts.

And the number has a picture. Lay the two arrows tail to tail and complete the parallelogram: a×b|\vec{a}\times\vec{b}| IS its area. Parallel arrows sweep nothing, sin0=0\sin 0^\circ = 0, zero area — the mirror image of the dot product vanishing at 9090^\circ. Given components instead of an angle, the same area comes from the determinant: A=axbyaybxA = \left|a_x b_y - a_y b_x\right| — cross-paired and SUBTRACTED, the opposite of the dot's like-paired sum, and the outer bars are absolute value, because an area is never negative. Two arrows from one corner also cut off a triangle, and it is exactly half: A=12axbyaybxA = \tfrac{1}{2}\left|a_x b_y - a_y b_x\right|. Read the question twice — parallelogram or triangle decides whether that 12\tfrac{1}{2} belongs in your answer.