Grade 12 Math · The direction angle
The quadrant your calculator forgets
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The quadrant your calculator forgets

Two components in, one heading out: θ=tan1(vyvx)\theta = \tan^{-1}\left(\dfrac{v_y}{v_x}\right), read aloud theta equals inverse tan of v-y over v-x. Rise over run — vyv_y is the northward component and vxv_x the eastward one, both in the same unit, and the ratio is bare, which is why θ\theta comes back in degrees no matter what those units were. It is the right triangle's own tanθ=oa\tan\theta = \dfrac{o}{a} — opposite over adjacent — with the vector's two shadows playing the legs.

Here is the trap that costs whole marks. Your calculator's tan1\tan^{-1} key only ever returns an angle between 90-90^\circ and 9090^\circ — the first and fourth quadrants — because 43\dfrac{4}{-3} and 43\dfrac{-4}{3} are the same number and it cannot tell them apart. So when vxv_x is negative, the arrow points west and the honest answer is 180180^\circ minus what the key gave you. Sketch the arrow first, every time; the sketch knows the quadrant and the keypad does not. (The two-argument form, atan2(vy,vx)\operatorname{atan2}(v_y,\, v_x), is the same fix written into software.) And check your mode: this room works in degrees.