Two machines, one chain
No balance reads moles. Real problems hand you GRAMS, so the mole machine from chapter one runs first — — and only then does collect its heat. Grams → moles → kilojoules: two small formulas, one chain, and the mole count is the coupling between them. The chain runs backwards too — a heat budget fixes the moles via , and dresses them in grams for the balance.
One trap gets a name here: the sign slip. An exothermic is negative, so q computes negative — heat leaving, exactly as it should. But when the ask says “heat released”, the answer is the MAGNITUDE: the word already spent the minus sign. Reporting −500 kJ released says the reaction absorbed it — the sign, spoken twice, flips the story.
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