The promise, recovered
The yield formula runs backwards as happily as forwards. Know the promise and the yield? The delivery is — the promise, taxed down to its fraction. Know the delivery and the yield? The promise was — undo the tax and the paper's full number returns. In both, the ÷100 or ×100 is doing one honest job: turning a percent into a fraction, or a fraction back into a percent.
And carry this sanity rail into every answer: the theoretical yield is a CEILING, so must always come out at least as big as . If your recovered promise lands below what the flask delivered, a rearrangement upstream is lying to you — no appeal, go back a line.
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