Grade 11 Physics — formula sheet

Kinematics, forces, energy, waves, electricity and heat · 42 formulas · metric edition 1

Newton's Second Law

F = m a

Weight (W = mg)

W = m g

Speed, Distance & Time

v = \tfrac{d}{t}

Kinetic Friction Force (f = μₖN)

f_k = \mu_k N

Maximum Static Friction (f = μₛN)

f_{s,\max} = \mu_s N

Hooke's Law

F = k x

Rope Tension When Lifting a Mass

T = m\left(g + a\right)

Final Velocity (Uniform Acceleration)

v = v_0 + a t

Work (W = Fd cos θ)

W = F d \cos\theta

Kinetic Energy

E_k = \tfrac{1}{2} m v^{2}

Gravitational Potential Energy (U = mgh)

U = m g h

Work–Energy Theorem

W = \tfrac{1}{2} m \left(v^{2} - v_0^{2}\right)

Power (P = W/t)

P = \frac{W}{t}

Power from Force and Velocity (P = Fv)

P = F v

Machine Efficiency

\eta = \frac{W_{out}}{W_{in}}

Period-Frequency Relation

T = \frac{1}{f}

Wave Speed (v = fλ)

v = f \lambda

Speed of Sound in Air

v = 331.3 + 0.606\, T_C

Fundamental Frequency of a String

f = \frac{v}{2L}

Wave Speed on a String

v = \sqrt{\frac{F}{\mu}}

Harmonic Frequencies

f_n = n f_1

Fundamental of a Closed Pipe

f = \frac{v}{4L}

Decibel Sound Level

\beta = 10 \log_{10}\!\left(\frac{I}{I_0}\right)

Sound Intensity (I = P/A)

I = \frac{P}{A}

Inverse-Square Law for Sound

I = \frac{P}{4\pi r^{2}}

Doppler Effect (Approaching Source)

f' = \frac{f v}{v - v_s}

Doppler Effect (Approaching Observer)

f' = \frac{f (v + v_o)}{v}

Beat Frequency

f_{\text{beat}} = f_1 - f_2

Electric Charge (Q = It)

Q = I t

Ohm's Law

V = I R

Two Resistors in Series

R_{t} = R_{1} + R_{2}

Two Resistors in Parallel

R_{t} = \frac{R_{1} R_{2}}{R_{1} + R_{2}}

Electrical Power (P = VI)

P = V I

Electrical Power (P = I²R)

P = I^{2} R

Electrical Power (P = V²/R)

P = \frac{V^{2}}{R}

Electrical Energy (E = Pt)

E = P t

Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Wire

F = B I L \sin\theta

Transformer Voltage Ratio

\frac{V_{s}}{V_{p}} = \frac{N_{s}}{N_{p}}

Sensible Heat (Q = mcΔT)

Q = m c \Delta T

Latent Heat

Q = m L

Heat Conduction Rate

P = \tfrac{k A \Delta T}{d}

Thermal Linear Expansion

\Delta L = \alpha L_0 \Delta T