Engineering Mechanics · Reading the forces
Four quantities, four units
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Four quantities, four units

Statics is the study of things that are NOT moving — and the whole subject rests on telling four quantities apart. The unit does that for you, every time, so learn to read it first and think second.

Mass is the amount of matter, in kilograms. Force is a push or a pull, in newtons: 1 N=1 kgm/s21\ \mathrm{N} = 1\ \mathrm{kg \cdot m/s^2}, the force that would accelerate one kilogram at one metre per second squared. Pressure is a force spread over an area, P=FAP = \dfrac{F}{A} — read aloud P equals F over A — where PP is the pressure in pascals, FF is the perpendicular force in newtons and AA is the contact area in square metres; one pascal is one newton per square metre, which is a very small pressure, so engineering runs in kilopascals. And a moment is a force multiplied by the arm it turns on, τ=rFsinθ\tau = r F \sin\thetatau equals r F sine theta, with τ\tau the Greek letter tau. Its unit is the newton-metre.

One nugget worth carrying: a newton-metre and a joule are the same algebra and never the same thing. Statics writes moments in N·m and energy in J, and mixing the two on a page is how a drawing gets sent back.