formula.expert

Constants library

3 values, each with its units, its uncertainty, and where it came from.

Astronomical 3

Standard Gravitational Parameter of the Sun measured

GM⊙=1.32712440041×1020 m3/s2GM_\odot = 1.32712440041 \times 10^{20}\ \text{m}^{3}\text{/s}^{2}

m³/s²The heliocentric gravitational constant GM⊙, known to ten digits from planetary radar — far better than the Sun's mass in kilograms.

Standard Gravitational Parameter of the Earth measured

GM⊕=3.986004418×1014 m3/s2GM_\oplus = 3.986004418 \times 10^{14}\ \text{m}^{3}\text{/s}^{2}

m³/s²The geocentric gravitational constant GM⊕, 3.986 004 418 × 10¹⁴ m³/s², known to nine digits and used by every GPS satellite.

Escape Velocity of the Earth

vesc,⊕=11,186 m/sv_{\mathrm{esc},\oplus} = 11,186\ \text{m/s}

m/sSpeed needed to break free of Earth's gravity from the surface, about 11.19 km/s, ignoring atmospheric drag and the planet's rotation.