formula.expert

Constants library

6 values, each with its units, its uncertainty, and where it came from.

Astronomical 6

Solar Mass measured

M⊙=1.98841×1030 kgM_\odot = 1.98841 \times 10^{30}\ \text{kg}

kgMass of the Sun, about 333 000 Earths and 99.86 per cent of all matter in the solar system — the yardstick for every stellar mass.

Nominal Solar Radius exact

R⊙N=695,700,000 m\mathcal{R}^{\mathrm{N}}_\odot = 695,700,000\ \text{m}

mIAU nominal solar radius, exactly 6.957 × 10⁸ m — a fixed convention, since a gaseous Sun has no true surface to measure.

Nominal Solar Luminosity exact

L⊙N=3.828×1026 W\mathcal{L}^{\mathrm{N}}_\odot = 3.828 \times 10^{26}\ \text{W}

WIAU nominal solar luminosity, exactly 3.828 × 10²⁶ W — the conventional unit in which every other star's power output is quoted.

Solar Effective Temperature exact

Teff⊙N=5772 K\mathcal{T}^{\mathrm{N}}_{\mathrm{eff}\odot} = 5772\ \text{K}

KIAU nominal effective temperature of the Sun, 5772 K — the blackbody temperature that radiates the solar luminosity from the solar radius.

Schwarzschild Radius of the Sun measured

rs,⊙=2953.25 mr_{s,\odot} = 2953.25\ \text{m}

mRadius to which the Sun would have to be crushed to become a black hole, 2GM⊙/c² — a shade under three kilometres.

Chandrasekhar Limit measured

MCh=2.86×1030 kgM_{\mathrm{Ch}} = 2.86 \times 10^{30}\ \text{kg}

kgMaximum mass a white dwarf can support by electron degeneracy pressure, about 1.44 solar masses or 2.86 × 10³⁰ kg.