Grade 11 Chemistry · pH plus pOH
The two-ended ruler
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The two-ended ruler

Basic solutions get their own p-number: pOH counts the hydroxide side, [OH][\mathrm{OH^-}], exactly the way pH counts [H+][\mathrm{H^+}]. In any water solution at room temperature the two ends are chained together: pH+pOH=14\mathrm{pH} + \mathrm{pOH} = 14 — read aloud: pH plus pOH equals fourteen. Learn one end and the other comes free — the cleanest mental arithmetic in chemistry.

Picture one ruler read from both ends: a solution at pH 11 sits at pOH 3, and 11 + 3 = 14, always. The see-saw SUBTRACTS from 14 — it never echoes your number back, and it never adds on top of 14. (The 14 is water's own equilibrium constant in disguise, pK-w — a story grade 12 finishes.)