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Boss lesson · The Litmus Final
Exam-hall rules, one flask
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Exam-hall rules, one flask

This is the boss. No calculator — every concentration is pinned to an exact power of ten, so the logs are mental. One unknown acid runs the whole gauntlet: the burette finds its concentration, the log turns that into a pH, the see-saw hands over the pOH — and every answer feeds the next line. Write each line down; one early slip rides the cascade to the end.

The acid is strong — fully dissociated — so [H+][\mathrm{H^+}] IS the concentration the titration finds. Everything from the chapter reports for duty. 5★ under par here is the chapter crown. Swirl the flask, watch the colour, clock in.

VbCbnCaVa

Ca=n CbVbVaC_a = \frac{n\,C_b V_b}{V_a}

  • CaC_a= Analyte concentration (molar concentration)
  • VaV_a= Analyte volume (aliquot) (volume)
  • CbC_b= Titrant concentration (molar concentration)
  • VbV_b= Titre volume delivered (volume)
  • nn= Mole ratio (analyte per titrant)
Titration: Concentration of an Unknown solver →
pH[H+]

pH=−log⁡10 [H+]\mathrm{pH} = -\log_{10}\,[\mathrm{H^+}]

  • pH\mathrm{pH}= pH
  • [H+][\mathrm{H^+}]= Hydrogen ion concentration (molar concentration)
pH from Hydrogen Ion Concentration solver →
pHpOH

pH+pOH=14\mathrm{pH} + \mathrm{pOH} = 14

  • pH\mathrm{pH}= pH
  • pOH\mathrm{pOH}= pOH
pH and pOH Relation solver →
no calculator in the boss room — the numbers are chosen to fit in your head