Thermodynamics & Heat Transfer · Dittus–Boelter
The correlation every tube-side rating starts with
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The correlation every tube-side rating starts with

For turbulent flow inside a plain tube, the working correlation is Nu=0.023Re0.8Prn\mathrm{Nu} = 0.023 \, \mathrm{Re}^{0.8} \, \mathrm{Pr}^{n}. Read aloud: Nusselt equals nought-point-nought-two-three, Reynolds to the nought-point-eight, Prandtl to the n. Every symbol has already been introduced except nn, the Prandtl exponent, and it is the whole exam: n=0.4n = 0.4 when the tube fluid is being heated, n=0.3n = 0.3 when it is being cooled. One digit, and a systematic error in every rating you write afterwards.

The correlation has a licence, and outside it the number it returns is decoration: Re\mathrm{Re} above 10 000, Pr\mathrm{Pr} between 0.6 and 160, and a tube at least ten diameters long. It is also only accurate to about ±25 % — which is why plant engineers add fouling margin rather than extra decimal places.

And the last step is the one students skip. Nu is a bare number; nobody buys a bare number. Since Nu=hLk\mathrm{Nu} = \dfrac{hL}{k}, the film coefficient comes back out as h=NukLh = \dfrac{\mathrm{Nu} \, k}{L}, where kk is the FLUID's conductivity and LL is the tube's inside diameter. Push the units through: W/(mK)\mathrm{W/(m \cdot K)} divided by metres is W/(m2K)\mathrm{W/(m^2 \cdot K)}, exactly what a film coefficient wears. If they had not cancelled, the rearrangement would be wrong, no appeal — units guide, but the check runs one way only.