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Engineering thermodynamics, steam plant & heat transfer

Thermodynamics & Heat Transfer

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Rearranging
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Setup & units
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Answers
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Properties of State

  • L1
    Reading the state
    pressure, temperature, heat — and which zero each one counts from
    ★★★★★
    Start
  • L2
    Gauge versus absolute
    one pressure, two zeros — and the gas laws accept only one of them
    ★★★★★
    Start
  • L3
    Heating a mass
    Q = mcΔT · the price of a degree, four ways round
    ★★★★★
    Start
  • L4
    Changing phase
    Q = mL · where the thermometer stops and the bill begins
    ★★★★★
    Start
  • L5
    The gas laws
    Boyle, Charles, Gay-Lussac — and the one law they are pieces of
    ★★★★★
    Start
  • L6
    The ideal gas
    PV = nRT for any unknown, and a density from a molar mass
    ★★★★★
    Start
  • L7
    Real gas corrections
    Z as the honest multiplier, and van der Waals as the reason for it
    ★★★★★
    Start
  • L8
    Vapour pressure curves
    Antoine and Clausius–Clapeyron — why a vacuum boils water cold
    ★★★★★
    Start
  • ★
    The State Final
    the boss · no calculator · one receiver heated, one deaerator duty
    ★★★★★
    Start

Steam, Turbines & Power Cycles

  • L10
    Reading the steam table
    saturation pressure and temperature, both directions
    ★★★★★
    Start
  • L11
    Wet steam and quality
    x = (h − h_f) / h_fg · the h_g-for-h_fg mixup
    ★★★★★
    Start
  • L12
    Degrees of superheat
    how far above the line the steam is sitting
    ★★★★★
    Start
  • L13
    Flash steam
    what boils off when condensate is let down
    ★★★★★
    Start
  • L14
    Turbine work
    w = h₁ − h₂, and kJ/kg × kg/s = kW
    ★★★★★
    Start
  • L15
    Isentropic efficiency
    the real drop against the drop the chart allows
    ★★★★★
    Start
  • L16
    Steam losses and loads
    leaks, spray water and condensate — the plant audit
    ★★★★★
    Start
  • L17
    Cycle efficiencies
    thermal, Carnot, Rankine, Otto, Brayton
    ★★★★★
    Start
  • ★
    The Turbine Hall
    the boss · no calculator · throttle to megawatts
    ★★★★★
    Start

Conduction & the Building Envelope

  • L19
    Fourier's law
    P = kAΔT/d · thickness is the only thing fighting you
    ★★★★★
    Start
  • L20
    R-value of a layer
    R = L/k · the number printed on the bag
    ★★★★★
    Start
  • L21
    Stacking the wall
    R-values in series · the air films count
    ★★★★★
    Start
  • L22
    From R to U
    one clean reciprocal · and why U-factors never add
    ★★★★★
    Start
  • L23
    Whole-wall heat loss
    design ΔT, real areas, and an estimate first
    ★★★★★
    Start
  • L24
    The framing penalty
    parallel paths · weight the U-factors, never the R-values
    ★★★★★
    Start
  • L25
    Pipes and the critical radius
    the log-mean geometry, and when lagging backfires
    ★★★★★
    Start
  • ★
    The Envelope Audit
    the boss · no calculator · films to flux, one wall
    ★★★★★
    Start

Convection, Radiation & Heat Exchangers

  • L27
    Newton's law of cooling
    Q = hAΔT · the film coefficient, and the film as a resistance
    ★★★★★
    Start
  • L28
    The dimensionless crew
    Re · Pr · Nu · Gr · Ra — which ratio is which
    ★★★★★
    Start
  • L29
    Dittus–Boelter
    Nu from Re and Pr in turbulent tubes · then h
    ★★★★★
    Start
  • L30
    Radiation exchange
    εσAT⁴ · the fourth power demands kelvin
    ★★★★★
    Start
  • L31
    Building the U
    films plus wall in series · then foul it
    ★★★★★
    Start
  • L32
    Log mean temperature difference
    pairing the ends · counterflow always wins
    ★★★★★
    Start
  • L33
    Rating the exchanger
    U·A·F·ΔT_lm against the stream balance
    ★★★★★
    Start
  • L34
    Effectiveness–NTU
    NTU · Cr · ε — rating without the outlets
    ★★★★★
    Start
  • L35
    Transient cooling
    check Biot, then ride the lumped curve
    ★★★★★
    Start
  • ★
    The Exchanger Final
    the boss · no calculator · one unit, rated end to end
    ★★★★★
    Start

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