58Ce

Cerium

Lanthanidesolidblock f

The most abundant rare earth, a metal that sparks when scratched and whose oxide polishes nearly every precision lens and glass screen made.

Atomic number	58
Standard atomic weight	140.12 g/mol ± 0.01
Group · period	f-block series · 6
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f¹ 5d¹ 6s²

About Cerium

Cerium is the second f-block irregularity, keeping one electron in 5d alongside its single 4f electron, and it is the one lanthanide with an easily accessible 4+ state — the empty-shell stability of Ce⁴⁺ makes ceric ammonium nitrate a standard oxidising titrant and makes cerium separable from its siblings by simple oxidation. Mischmetal, an unrefined cerium-lanthanum alloy, is pyrophoric: drag steel across it and it throws sparks at 3000 °C, which is the flint in every disposable lighter and every fire steel in a hiking pack. Cerium oxide is also the universal optical polish, and in a catalytic converter it acts as an oxygen buffer, storing and releasing oxygen as the engine's air-fuel ratio swings.

Use 140.12 g/mol in these solvers

Moles from Mass (n = m/M)

n = \frac{m}{M}

Opens with M = 140.12 g/mol already filled in

Gas Density from Molar Mass

\rho = \frac{PM}{RT}

Opens with M = 140.12 g/mol already filled in

Faraday's Law of Electrolysis (m = QM/nF)

m = \frac{Q M}{n F}

Opens with M = 140.12 g/mol already filled in

Ion Concentration as CaCO₃ Equivalent

C_{\mathrm{CaCO_3}} = C_{\mathrm{ion}} \times \frac{50.04}{\mathrm{EW}}

Opens with EW = 140.12 g/mol already filled in

Acid Feed to Reduce Alkalinity

\dot m = \frac{\Delta \mathrm{Alk} \, Q \times \frac{\mathrm{EW}}{50.04}}{p/100\%}

Opens with EW = 140.12 g/mol already filled in

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