64Gd

Gadolinium

Lanthanidesolidblock f

A lanthanide that turns ferromagnetic just below room temperature and whose chelates are injected as the contrast agent in most MRI scans.

Atomic number	64
Standard atomic weight	157.25 g/mol ± 0.01
Group · period	f-block series · 6
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f⁷ 5d¹ 6s²

About Gadolinium

Gadolinium is the third classic f-block anomaly: a half-filled 4f⁷ shell is stable enough that the next electron goes into 5d rather than pairing up, giving [Xe] 4f⁷ 5d¹ 6s². Those seven unpaired electrons make the free ion the most paramagnetic thing in the periodic table, which is exactly what an MRI contrast agent needs — the Gd³⁺ ion shortens the relaxation time of nearby water protons and lights up the tissue it has reached. Because the free ion is toxic it is always caged in a chelate such as DOTA or DTPA. Gadolinium metal is also ferromagnetic below 20 °C, making it the standard working material in magnetocaloric refrigeration research, and gadolinium-157 has the largest thermal neutron capture cross-section of any known nuclide.

Use 157.25 g/mol in these solvers

Moles from Mass (n = m/M)

n = \frac{m}{M}

Opens with M = 157.25 g/mol already filled in

Gas Density from Molar Mass

\rho = \frac{PM}{RT}

Opens with M = 157.25 g/mol already filled in

Faraday's Law of Electrolysis (m = QM/nF)

m = \frac{Q M}{n F}

Opens with M = 157.25 g/mol already filled in

Ion Concentration as CaCO₃ Equivalent

C_{\mathrm{CaCO_3}} = C_{\mathrm{ion}} \times \frac{50.04}{\mathrm{EW}}

Opens with EW = 157.25 g/mol already filled in

Acid Feed to Reduce Alkalinity

\dot m = \frac{\Delta \mathrm{Alk} \, Q \times \frac{\mathrm{EW}}{50.04}}{p/100\%}

Opens with EW = 157.25 g/mol already filled in

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