49In

Indium

Post-transition metalsolidblock p

A soft metal named for an indigo spectral line, now the transparent conductor behind every touchscreen and flat panel.

Atomic number	49
Standard atomic weight	114.82 g/mol ± 0.01
Group · period	13 · 5
Electron configuration	[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p¹

About Indium

Ferdinand Reich was colour-blind, so when he examined a zinc ore spectroscopically in 1863 he had his assistant Hieronymous Richter look at the flame; Richter reported a brilliant indigo-blue line no one had seen before, and the new element took its name from that colour. Indium is softer than lead, soft enough to leave a mark on paper, and it wets glass and metal so well that indium wire is the standard gasket for cryogenic and ultra-high-vacuum seals. Its dominant use is indium tin oxide, a coating that is simultaneously electrically conductive and optically transparent, and therefore the front electrode of essentially every LCD, OLED and capacitive touchscreen made. There is no mined indium: it is recovered entirely as a by-product of zinc smelting, which ties its supply to a market that has nothing to do with electronics.

Use 114.82 g/mol in these solvers

Moles from Mass (n = m/M)

n = \frac{m}{M}

Opens with M = 114.82 g/mol already filled in

Gas Density from Molar Mass

\rho = \frac{PM}{RT}

Opens with M = 114.82 g/mol already filled in

Faraday's Law of Electrolysis (m = QM/nF)

m = \frac{Q M}{n F}

Opens with M = 114.82 g/mol already filled in

Ion Concentration as CaCO₃ Equivalent

C_{\mathrm{CaCO_3}} = C_{\mathrm{ion}} \times \frac{50.04}{\mathrm{EW}}

Opens with EW = 114.82 g/mol already filled in

Acid Feed to Reduce Alkalinity

\dot m = \frac{\Delta \mathrm{Alk} \, Q \times \frac{\mathrm{EW}}{50.04}}{p/100\%}

Opens with EW = 114.82 g/mol already filled in

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