in\text{in}

inch of depth

Volume per areaexact by definition

An inch of depth is exactly 0.0254 m³/m², a volume per area rather than a plain length. It is the unit of North American irrigation scheduling and of the acre-inch, and equals exactly 27,154.29 US gallons per acre.

Why it is written in\text{in}: Written "in", the same symbol as the length, for the same reason the millimetre of depth is: a depth of water on the ground is a length. Listed separately here so it can be converted against gallons per acre.

1 in\text{in} 254,000 L/ha\text{L/ha}

About the inch of depth

North American irrigation runs on the inch and its close relative the acre-inch — the volume of water that covers one acre one inch deep.

1 acre-inch = 27,154 US gallons = 3,630 cubic feet = 102.8 cubic metres.

That first figure is worth memorising, because it turns a pump rate into a schedule. A well delivering 500 gpm produces 27,154 ÷ 500 = 54.3 minutes of pumping per acre-inch, so putting an inch on a 60-acre pivot takes roughly 54 hours of continuous running.

An inch is 25.4 mm, so a crop using 0.25 in/day is using 6.4 mm/day, and the two scheduling traditions describe the same thirsty corn field.

One inch of depth in every volume per area unit

254,000liter per hectare (L/ha)
254cubic meter per hectare (m³/ha)
25,400milliliter per square meter (mL/m²)
25.4millimeter of depth (mm)
2.54centimeter of depth (cm)
27,154.3US gallon per acre (gal/ac)
623.377US gallon per thousand square feet (gal/1000 ft²)
1inch of depth (in)this unit