normal (equivalent per liter)
The normal is one equivalent per litre, entered here as 1000 mol/m³ of equivalents. Normality is molarity multiplied by the number of reactive units a molecule supplies: 1 M sulfuric acid is 2 N in an acid-base titration because each molecule gives two protons.
Watch out: The trap that killed the unit: normality depends on the reaction, not the solution. The same potassium permanganate bottle is 5 N as an oxidant in acid and 3 N in neutral conditions, because the number of electrons transferred changes. IUPAC discourages the unit for exactly this reason. This site treats one normal as one equivalent per litre and leaves the equivalents to you.
| 1 N | 1 M |
It survives because it makes titration arithmetic trivial. Equal volumes of equal normality neutralise exactly, whatever the stoichiometry, which is why volumetric analysis was taught in normality for a century and why bottles of standardised titrant are still labelled 0.1 N.