GV
gigavolt
Voltageexact by definition
The gigavolt is one billion volts. It appears less as a potential difference than as a rigidity: the momentum of a charged particle per unit charge has the dimensions of voltage, and cosmic ray spectra are plotted against rigidity in gigavolts. The geomagnetic cutoff rigidity is about 15 GV at the equator and falls to near zero at the poles. The factor of 1e9 is exact, being an SI prefix.
Watch out: Rigidity in gigavolts and particle energy in giga-electronvolts are different quantities that happen to give similar numbers for singly charged relativistic particles. For an alpha particle or a heavier nucleus they diverge, because rigidity divides by the charge state.
| 1 GV | 1,000,000,000 V |
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