Formula solvers — Z

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Z-Score (Standard Score)

z = \frac{x - \mu}{\sigma}

StatisticsAlgebraHow many standard deviations a value sits above or below the mean, turning any measurement into a comparable standard score.

z-Value (Thermal Resistance Constant)

z = \frac{T_2 - T_1}{\log_{10} D_1 - \log_{10} D_2}

Water TreatmentThe z-value: the temperature change that moves the D-value by a factor of ten. It is the slope of Bigelow's thermal death-time curve, and it is a temperature DIFFERENCE, not a temperature — 10 C° of z is an interval, and it is not 10 °C.

Zero-Order Integrated Rate Law

[\mathrm{A}] = [\mathrm{A}]_0 - kt

ChemistryGives the concentration remaining in a zero-order reaction, where the rate is constant and concentration falls in a straight line with time.