Wet Steam Enthalpy from h_f and h_g

Also known as enthalpy of wet steam · lever rule for steam · hf plus x hfg

h=(1−x) hf+x hgh = (1 - x) \, h_f + x \, h_g

Worked example: x = 0.95 between h_f = 762.5 and h_g = 2,777.1 → h = 2,676.37 kJ/kg — press Try an example to run it live, then adjust anything.

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Wet Steam Enthalpy from h_f and h_g explained

hghfx1 − xh

Same mixture, written from the other pair of columns. Most tables print hfh_f, hfgh_{fg} and hgh_g side by side, and since hg=hf+hfgh_g = h_f + h_{fg} you can blend the two end states directly: a fraction x of the mass arrives as dry steam at hgh_g and the remaining (1 − x) as water at hfh_f. At 1 MPa, with hf=762.5h_f = 762.5 and hg=2,777.1h_g = 2{,}777.1 kJ/kg, steam that is 95% dry carries 0.05 × 762.5 + 0.95 × 2,777.1 = 2,676.4 kJ/kg. Run it the other way and it is the lever rule from school: x = (h − hfh_f)/(hgh_g − hfh_f), the distance you have travelled along the horizontal tie line divided by its full length.

Which form you use is purely about which columns are in front of you, and the answers agree to the last digit. The reason to know both is that the same weighting works on every other property in the table, not just enthalpy. Specific volume is the one that bites: at 1 MPa water occupies 0.001127 m³/kg and dry steam 0.19444, a ratio of 173, so a mixture at x = 0.95 has almost exactly 95% of the dry-steam volume and a pipe sized on the mixture is a pipe sized on the vapour. Entropy blends the same way, which is how the exhaust point of a turbine expansion gets pinned down. One thing the lever rule cannot do is average temperatures, because in the wet region there is only one temperature and both ends of the lever are already sitting at it.

Wet Steam Enthalpy from h_f and h_g formula

h=(1−x) hf+x hgh = (1 - x) \, h_f + x \, h_g
Where
  • hh= Enthalpy of the wet steam (J/kg)
  • xx= Steam quality (dryness fraction)
  • hfh_f= Saturated liquid enthalpy (J/kg)
  • hgh_g= Dry saturated steam enthalpy (J/kg)

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