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Saturated steam

Dry saturated steam from 100 to 200 °C — saturation pressure, vapour density and latent heat along the boiling line that low and medium pressure steam heating runs on.

PhaseGas — saturated state
Temperature range100 to 200 °C
SourceIAPWS-95 / ASME Steam Tables

saturated steam, property by property

Properties at temperature
°C
100°200°

Validated from 100 to 200 °C along the saturation curve.

Density2.548 kg/m³
Dynamic viscosity0.01419 mPa·s
Specific heat2.314 kJ/(kg·K)
Thermal conductivity0.0288 W/(m·K)
Vapour pressure476.16 kPa
Latent heat of vaporisation2,113.7 kJ/kg
Kinematic viscosity ν = µ/ρ5.5691 mm²/s
Prandtl number Pr = cpµ/k1.14

Click on a chart to print it with your selected value marked.

Density kg/m³
Density from 100 to 200 °C, in kg/m³. Marked at 150 °C: 2.548 kg/m³100 °C — 0.5978 kg/m³110 °C — 0.8264 kg/m³120 °C — 1.121 kg/m³130 °C — 1.497 kg/m³140 °C — 1.967 kg/m³150 °C — 2.548 kg/m³160 °C — 3.26 kg/m³170 °C — 4.122 kg/m³180 °C — 5.16 kg/m³190 °C — 6.395 kg/m³200 °C — 7.86 kg/m³246100120140160180200
Dynamic viscosity mPa·s
Dynamic viscosity from 100 to 200 °C, in mPa·s. Marked at 150 °C: 0.01419 mPa·s100 °C — 0.01227 mPa·s150 °C — 0.01419 mPa·s200 °C — 0.01618 mPa·s0.0130.0140.0150.016100120140160180200
Specific heat kJ/(kg·K)
Specific heat from 100 to 200 °C, in kJ/(kg·K). Marked at 150 °C: 2.314 kJ/(kg·K)100 °C — 2.08 kJ/(kg·K)150 °C — 2.314 kJ/(kg·K)200 °C — 2.607 kJ/(kg·K)2.12.22.32.42.52.6100120140160180200
Thermal conductivity W/(m·K)
Thermal conductivity from 100 to 200 °C, in W/(m·K). Marked at 150 °C: 0.0288 W/(m·K)100 °C — 0.0248 W/(m·K)150 °C — 0.0288 W/(m·K)200 °C — 0.0333 W/(m·K)0.0260.0280.030.032100120140160180200
Vapour pressure kPa
Vapour pressure from 100 to 200 °C, in kPa. Marked at 150 °C: 476.2 kPa100 °C — 101.4 kPa110 °C — 143.4 kPa120 °C — 198.7 kPa130 °C — 270.3 kPa140 °C — 361.5 kPa150 °C — 476.2 kPa160 °C — 618.2 kPa170 °C — 792.2 kPa180 °C — 1,003 kPa190 °C — 1,255 kPa200 °C — 1,555 kPa200400600800100012001400100120140160180200
Latent heat of vaporisation kJ/kg
Latent heat of vaporisation from 100 to 200 °C, in kJ/kg. Marked at 150 °C: 2,114 kJ/kg100 °C — 2,256 kJ/kg110 °C — 2,230 kJ/kg120 °C — 2,202 kJ/kg130 °C — 2,174 kJ/kg140 °C — 2,144 kJ/kg150 °C — 2,114 kJ/kg160 °C — 2,082 kJ/kg170 °C — 2,049 kJ/kg180 °C — 2,014 kJ/kg190 °C — 1,978 kJ/kg200 °C — 1,940 kJ/kg200021002200100120140160180200

Full pages: density · dynamic viscosity · specific heat · thermal conductivity · vapour pressure · latent heat of vaporisation

Saturated state only. On the saturation curve temperature and pressure are locked together, so one input fixes everything — but sub-cooled liquid and superheated vapour need two, and these values do not describe them.

Send Steam (sat.) at 150 °C into a solver

Every fluid property in these opens already filled, all from the same state — so a density and a viscosity in one calculation always describe the same fluid at the same temperature.

Flash Steam Percentage

h_fg2 = 2113.7

Learning zone

Saturated steam is the fluid the entire steam-heating trade is built around, and it has one variable. Pick the pressure and the temperature follows; pick the temperature and the pressure follows. That is why a steam system is controlled by a pressure gauge and why a trap, a coil and a main can all be sized from a single number.

Latent heat is the reason to use it at all. Condensing one kilogram of steam at 100 °C releases 2256 kJ — about 970 BTU per pound — at CONSTANT temperature, with no flow-rate and ΔT juggling of the kind a water loop demands. A steam coil delivers heat isothermally, which is exactly what a process that needs a held temperature wants.

The trade-off appears as pressure rises. Latent heat FALLS with temperature: 2256 kJ/kg at 100 °C, 2114 at 150 °C, 1940 at 200 °C, and eventually zero at the critical point, 373.95 °C and 22.064 MPa, where liquid and vapour stop being distinguishable. Running a system at higher pressure to get higher temperature buys less heat per kilogram, so mass flow rises faster than the temperature gain suggests. Meanwhile vapour density climbs by a factor of thirteen across this range, from 0.598 to 7.86 kg/m³, which is why high pressure steam mains are so much smaller than low pressure ones for the same duty.

Everything here is DRY saturated steam. Real steam carries entrained water — a dryness fraction of 0.95 is normal and delivers 95 % of the latent heat — and superheated steam is off the saturation curve entirely, where temperature and pressure become independent again and these values no longer apply.

Pinned constants for this substance

The constants library carries these at a single stated temperature, with their uncertainty and provenance. The table above is the same substance as a function.

Latent heat of vaporisation of water

Lv=2,256,400 J/kgL_{\mathrm{v}} = 2,256,400\ \text{J/kg}