Young's Modulus of Structural Steel

Esteel=2×1011 PaE_{\mathrm{steel}} = 2 \times 10^{11}\ \text{Pa}
Value2e11 Pa
StatusMeasured: ± 3,000,000,000 Pa (0.015 relative)
SourceAISC Steel Construction Manual, 15th ed.
CategoriesMaterial PropertiesEngineering & Trademechanics
E_st in every pressure unit
pascal200,000,000,000 Pa
kilopascal200,000,000 kPa
megapascal200,000 MPa
bar2,000,000 bar
atmosphere1,973,846.5 atm
millimeter of mercury1,500,123,200 mmHg
pound per square inch29,007,548 psi
foot of water column66,910,513 ft H₂O
gigapascal200 GPa
kip per square inch29,007.548 ksi
inch of mercury59,059,967 inHg
inch of water column802,926,160 in w.g.

Learning zone

Stiffness and strength come from different physics, and steel is the cleanest demonstration. Young's modulus measures the stiffness of the iron-iron atomic bond, so it is the same 200 GPa for A36, A992, A572 Grade 65 and a quenched-and-tempered alloy — heat treatment and alloying rearrange dislocations and grain structure, which governs where the material yields, but they barely touch interatomic spacing. Yield strength varies by a factor of five across those grades; E varies by about 2 %. AISC prints one number, 29 000 ksi, and uses it for every steel in the manual.

The practical consequence is that a stronger steel does not give a stiffer beam. Deflection under service load depends on E and I only, so switching a floor beam from A36 to A992 buys strength and buys nothing at all in deflection — if the beam is deflection-governed, and long-span floor beams usually are, the only fix is more depth or more moment of inertia. The value falls with temperature (about 10 % by 300 °C, and roughly half by 600 °C), which is why fire design uses reduced-modulus curves rather than this figure.