Bohr radius

a0=5.29177210544×1011 ma_{0} = 5.29177210544 \times 10^{-11}\ \text{m}
Value5.29177210544e-11 m
StatusMeasured: ± 8.20e-21 m (1.5e-10 relative)
SourceCODATA 2022
CategoriesUniversal & Atomicphysicsatomic
a₀ in every length unit
femtometer52,917.721 fm
picometer52.917721 pm
nanometer0.052917721 nm
micrometer0.000052917721 μm
millimeter5.2917721e-08 mm
centimeter5.2917721e-09 cm
decimeter5.2917721e-10 dm
meter5.2917721e-11 m
kilometer5.2917721e-14 km
inch2.0833748e-09 in
foot1.7361457e-10 ft
yard5.7871523e-11 yd
mile3.2881547e-14 mi
nautical mile2.8573284e-14 nmi
astronomical unit3.5373312e-22 AU
light-year5.5934075e-27 ly
parsec1.7149465e-27 pc

Learning zone

In Bohr's 1913 model a₀ is the radius of the first allowed orbit; in real quantum mechanics the electron has no orbit, but a₀ survives as the decay length of the 1s wavefunction and the radius at which the radial probability density peaks. Either way it sets the scale of the atomic world: about 0.53 ångström, so atoms are roughly 1 Å across and a solid packs about 10²⁹ of them per cubic metre.

Written as a₀ = ħ/(m_e c α), it is α times smaller than the reduced Compton wavelength and α⁻² times bigger than the classical electron radius — the same three lengths, separated twice over by 137. Two cautions: a₀ is defined for infinite nuclear mass, and it scales as 1/Z for hydrogen-like ions, so a ground-state electron in U⁹¹⁺ sits 92 times closer in and moves at two-thirds the speed of light, which is why heavy-element chemistry needs relativistic corrections.