Distance to Proxima Centauri

dProx=4.0175×1016 md_{\mathrm{Prox}} = 4.0175 \times 10^{16}\ \text{m}
Value4.0175e16 m
StatusMeasured: ± 3,000,000,000,000 m (0.000075 relative)
SourceGaia DR3 parallax, 768.07 ± 0.05 mas
CategoriesAstronomicalstellar
Distance to Proxima Centauri in every length unit
Planck length2.4856845e+51 lP
femtometer4.0175000e+31 fm
picometer4.0175000e+28 pm
bohr radius7.5919747e+26 a0
angstrom4.0175000e+26 Å
nanometer4.0175000e+25 nm
micrometer4.0175000e+22 μm
thou1.5816929e+21 thou
point1.1388189e+20 pt
millimeter4.0175000e+19 mm
pica9.4901575e+18 pc
centimeter4.0175000e+18 cm
inch1.5816929e+18 in
decimeter4.0175000e+17 dm
hand3.9542323e+17 hh
link1.9970870e+17 li
foot1.3180774e+17 ft
US survey foot1.3180748e+17 ftUS
yard4.3935914e+16 yd
meter4.0175000e+16 m
fathom2.1967957e+16 ftm
rod7.9883480e+15 rd
chain1.9970870e+15 ch
cable length216,927,650,000,000 cb
furlong199,708,700,000,000 fur
kilometer40,175,000,000,000 km
mile24,963,588,000,000 mi
nautical mile21,692,765,000,000 nmi
league8,321,195,900,000 lea
megameter40,175,000,000 Mm
Earth radius6,305,917,400 REarth
light-second134,009,380 ls
lunar distance104,513,800 LD
solar radius57,747,592 Rsun
light-minute2,233,489.6 lmin
astronomical unit268,553.29 AU
light-year4.2465009 ly
parsec1.3019831 pc
kiloparsec0.0013019831 kpc
megaparsec0.0000013019831 Mpc
gigaparsec1.3019831e-09 Gpc

Learning zone

Every distance in this library beyond the solar system starts from geometry like this one: Proxima's parallax of 768.07 milliarcseconds — the largest of any star, yet still under a thousandth of a degree — inverts to 1.302 parsecs. Gaia measures it to one part in 15 000, so the nearest star's distance is known to about ±3 billion km, roughly the radius of Neptune's orbit. Robert Innes found the star in 1915 and named it for its proximity; it has held the title ever since and will keep it for about 25 000 more years.

The number is also the yardstick of interstellar ambition. Voyager 1, the fastest outbound object, covers this distance in 75 000 years; the Breakthrough Starshot concept of laser-driven gram-scale sails at a fifth of light speed was formulated around reaching precisely this star within a generation. Its planet Proxima b, found in 2016, is the nearest possible target for the question of life elsewhere.