Solar Wind Speed (typical)

vsw=400,000 m/sv_{\mathrm{sw}} = 400,000\ \text{m/s}
Value400,000 m/s
StatusConventional / typical value
SourceNASA/ESA in-situ measurements (ACE, Wind, Parker Solar Probe); representative value
CategoriesAstronomicalsolar-systemspace-weather
v_sw in every speed unit
meter per second400,000 m/s
kilometer per hour1,440,000 km/h
foot per second1,312,336 ft/s
mile per hour894,774.52 mph
knot777,537.8 kn
foot per minute78,740,157 ft/min
centimeter per second40,000,000 cm/s
meter per hour1,440,000,000 m/h
meter per day34,560,000,000 m/d
foot per day113,385,830,000 ft/d

Learning zone

Eugene Parker argued in 1958 that the Sun's million-kelvin corona cannot be held down by gravity and must be flowing outward continuously — a paper two referees rejected before Chandrasekhar overruled them. Mariner 2 confirmed the supersonic wind on its way to Venus in 1962. This entry is a representative value, not a constant: the slow wind from the streamer belt arrives near 400 km/s, coronal-hole fast streams reach 700–800 km/s, and coronal mass ejections have exceeded 2000 km/s.

At 400 km/s the plasma takes about four days to cross the 1 au to Earth, which is the practical warning time for space weather. The wind carves the heliosphere out of the interstellar medium; Voyager 1 crossed its outer boundary, the heliopause, at 121 au in 2012.