Speed of light in glass

cglass=197,230,000 m/sc_{\mathrm{glass}} = 197,230,000\ \text{m/s}
Value197,230,000 m/s
StatusMeasured: ± 5,000,000 m/s (0.025 relative)
SourceDerived from n = 1.52 (typical crown glass, visible band)
CategoriesElectromagneticopticsphysics
c_glass in every speed unit
meter per second197,230,000 m/s
kilometer per hour710,028,000 km/h
foot per second647,080,050 ft/s
mile per hour441,190,940 mph
knot383,384,450 kn
foot per minute38,824,803,000 ft/min
centimeter per second19,723,000,000 cm/s
meter per hour710,028,000,000 m/h
meter per day17,040,672,000,000 m/d
foot per day55,907,717,000,000 ft/d

Learning zone

Ordinary crown glass has a refractive index near 1.52, so light inside it moves at about two-thirds of its vacuum speed. Every lens works by exploiting that delay: the thick centre retards the middle of a wavefront more than the thin edge, curving the wave into convergence. The index is not one number but a curve — flint glasses reach 1.6 to 1.9, fused silica sits at 1.458, and each disperses differently, which is how an achromatic doublet cancels colour fringing by pairing crown and flint elements.

In telecommunications the same slowing sets the clock. Light in a silica fibre travels at roughly 2.0×10⁸ m/s, so a signal takes about 5 μs per kilometre, and a London-to-New York round trip cannot beat about 56 ms no matter what the equipment does. That physical floor is why high-frequency trading firms paid for microwave links through the air, where the index is essentially 1. Treat the value here as typical for crown glass rather than a property of "glass" in general.