Planck energy

EP=1,956,081,637 JE_{\mathrm{P}} = 1,956,081,637\ \text{J}
Value1,956,081,637 J
StatusMeasured: ± 22,000 J (0.000011 relative)
SourceCODATA 2022 (derived from ħ, c and G; uncertainty inherited from G)
CategoriesUniversal & Atomicphysicsquantum
E_P in every energy unit
joule1,956,081,600 J
kilojoule1,956,081.6 kJ
megajoule1,956.0816 MJ
calorie467,514,730 cal
kilocalorie467,514.73 kcal
watt-hour543,356.01 Wh
kilowatt-hour543.35601 kWh
British thermal unit1,854,007.7 BTU
foot-pound1,442,731,800 ft⋅lb
electron volt1.2208901e+28 eV
kiloelectron volt1.2208901e+25 keV
megaelectron volt1.2208901e+22 MeV

Learning zone

Two ways of reading the same number make the Planck scale vivid. In particle terms it is 1.22 × 10¹⁹ GeV, a quadrillion times the LHC's 13.6 TeV, unreachable by any accelerator that fits in a solar system. In everyday terms it is 1.96 gigajoules — the kinetic energy of a 1.4-tonne car at about 190 km/h, or roughly half a tonne of TNT. The difference is that the Planck energy is concentrated on a single particle.

This is where the four forces are conjectured to unify and where a graviton exchange becomes as strong as a photon exchange. Nature does get close: the highest-energy cosmic ray ever recorded, the 1991 "Oh-My-God" particle, carried 3 × 10²⁰ eV — a single proton with the energy of a well-struck baseball, yet still eight orders of magnitude below E_P. Some quantum-gravity models predict tiny energy-dependent delays in gamma-ray bursts suppressed by E_P; none has been seen.