Atomic mass constant energy equivalent

muc2=1.49241808768×1010 Jm_{\mathrm{u}} c^{2} = 1.49241808768 \times 10^{-10}\ \text{J}
Value1.49241808768e-10 J
StatusMeasured: ± 4.60e-20 J (3.1e-10 relative)
SourceCODATA 2022
CategoriesUniversal & Atomicnuclearatomic
m_u c² in every energy unit
joule1.4924181e-10 J
kilojoule1.4924181e-13 kJ
megajoule1.4924181e-16 MJ
calorie3.5669648e-11 cal
kilocalorie3.5669648e-14 kcal
watt-hour4.1456058e-14 Wh
kilowatt-hour4.1456058e-17 kWh
British thermal unit1.4145394e-13 BTU
foot-pound1.1007511e-10 ft⋅lb
electron volt931,494,100 eV
kiloelectron volt931,494.1 keV
megaelectron volt931.4941 MeV

Learning zone

931.494 MeV per atomic mass unit is the number that turns a nuclear mass table into an energy budget. Weigh the reactants and products of a nuclear reaction in daltons, take the difference, multiply by 931.494, and you have the Q-value in MeV. The mass defect of ⁴He is 0.030 377 u, so its binding energy is 28.30 MeV — 7.07 MeV per nucleon — and that is the energy the Sun harvests four hydrogen nuclei at a time.

The same factor explains why fission and fusion are worth doing at all: the binding curve peaks near ⁵⁶Fe at about 8.8 MeV per nucleon, so climbing towards iron from either end releases energy. A single U-235 fission converts roughly 0.19 u — about 180 MeV — while a chemical bond breaks for a few eV, a ratio of some 50 million. Use the conversion table on this page to read the same energy in MeV, keV or joules.