Mean Earth–Moon Distance

aMoon=384,400,000 ma_{\mathrm{Moon}} = 384,400,000\ \text{m}
Value384,400,000 m
StatusConventional / typical value
SourceNASA planetary fact sheet; Lunar Laser Ranging (semi-major axis)
CategoriesAstronomical
Mean Earth–Moon Distance in every length unit
Planck length2.3783376e+43 lP
femtometer3.8440000e+23 fm
picometer3.8440000e+20 pm
bohr radius7.2641072e+18 a0
angstrom3.8440000e+18 Å
nanometer3.8440000e+17 nm
micrometer384,400,000,000,000 μm
thou15,133,858,000,000 thou
point1,089,637,800,000 pt
millimeter384,400,000,000 mm
pica90,803,150,000 pc
centimeter38,440,000,000 cm
inch15,133,858,000 in
decimeter3,844,000,000 dm
hand3,783,464,600 hh
link1,910,840,700 li
foot1,261,154,900 ft
US survey foot1,261,152,300 ftUS
yard420,384,950 yd
meter384,400,000 m
fathom210,192,480 ftm
rod76,433,628 rd
chain19,108,407 ch
cable length2,075,594 cb
furlong1,910,840.7 fur
kilometer384,400 km
mile238,855.09 mi
nautical mile207,559.4 nmi
league79,618.362 lea
megameter384.4 Mm
Earth radius60.335897 REarth
light-second1.2822204 ls
lunar distance1.0000026 LD
solar radius0.55253701 Rsun
light-minute0.02137034 lmin
astronomical unit0.0025695553 AU
light-year4.0631112e-08 ly
parsec1.2457556e-08 pc
kiloparsec1.2457556e-11 kpc
megaparsec1.2457556e-14 Mpc
gigaparsec1.2457556e-17 Gpc

Learning zone

Hipparchus estimated the Moon's distance in the second century BC at about 60 Earth radii, using the size of Earth's shadow during a lunar eclipse — the first correct measurement of any distance beyond our planet, and remarkably close to the true 60.3. Today the answer comes from bouncing laser pulses off the retroreflector arrays left by Apollo 11, 14 and 15 and by the Soviet Lunokhod rovers, timing the two-second round trip to millimetre precision.

Those same measurements show the Moon receding by 3.8 cm a year, as tidal bulges on Earth drag ahead of the Moon and transfer angular momentum outward — the flip side of the day lengthening. Because the orbit is an ellipse with eccentricity 0.055, the distance swings by 50 000 km, which is what makes some total eclipses annular and gives the popular "supermoon" its extra 14 per cent in apparent diameter.