Mean Earth–Moon Distance

aMoon=384,400,000 ma_{\mathrm{Moon}} = 384,400,000\ \text{m}
Value384,400,000 m
StatusConventional / typical value
SourceNASA planetary fact sheet; Lunar Laser Ranging (semi-major axis)
CategoriesAstronomicalsolar-systemmoon
a_moon in every length unit
femtometer3.8440000e+23 fm
picometer3.8440000e+20 pm
nanometer3.8440000e+17 nm
micrometer384,400,000,000,000 μm
millimeter384,400,000,000 mm
centimeter38,440,000,000 cm
decimeter3,844,000,000 dm
meter384,400,000 m
kilometer384,400 km
inch15,133,858,000 in
foot1,261,154,900 ft
yard420,384,950 yd
mile238,855.09 mi
nautical mile207,559.4 nmi
astronomical unit0.0025695553 AU
light-year4.0631112e-08 ly
parsec1.2457556e-08 pc

Learning zone

Hipparchus estimated the Moon's distance in the second century BC at about 60 Earth radii, using the size of Earth's shadow during a lunar eclipse — the first correct measurement of any distance beyond our planet, and remarkably close to the true 60.3. Today the answer comes from bouncing laser pulses off the retroreflector arrays left by Apollo 11, 14 and 15 and by the Soviet Lunokhod rovers, timing the two-second round trip to millimetre precision.

Those same measurements show the Moon receding by 3.8 cm a year, as tidal bulges on Earth drag ahead of the Moon and transfer angular momentum outward — the flip side of the day lengthening. Because the orbit is an ellipse with eccentricity 0.055, the distance swings by 50 000 km, which is what makes some total eclipses annular and gives the popular "supermoon" its extra 14 per cent in apparent diameter.