Escape Velocity of Mars

vesc,Mars=5,030 m/sv_{\mathrm{esc},\mathrm{Mars}} = 5,030\ \text{m/s}
Value5,030 m/s
StatusConventional / typical value
SourceDerived from the JPL DE440 Mars GM and the mean radius
CategoriesAstronomicalPlanets
Escape Velocity of Mars in every speed unit
millimeter per year158,734,730,000,000 mm/yr
millimeter per day434,592,000,000 mm/day
millimeter per hour18,108,000,000 mm/h
inch per day17,109,921,000 in/day
foot per day1,425,826,800 ft/d
inch per hour712,913,390 in/h
meter per day434,592,000 m/d
millimeter per minute301,800,000 mm/min
meter per hour18,108,000 m/h
inch per minute11,881,890 in/min
millimeter per second5,030,000 mm/s
foot per minute990,157.48 ft/min
centimeter per second503,000 cm/s
meter per minute301,800 m/min
inch per second198,031.5 in/s
kilometer per hour18,108 km/h
foot per second16,502.625 ft/s
mile per hour11,251.79 mph
knot9,777.5378 kn
meter per second5,030 m/s
mach (sea level)14.781336 Ma
kilometer per second5.03 km/s
speed of light0.000016778274 c

Learning zone

Escaping Mars costs roughly 5.0 km/s against Earth's 11.2, and with a thin atmosphere imposing little drag loss the practical ascent budget is around 4.1 km/s to low Mars orbit. That asymmetry is the foundation of every sample-return and crewed architecture: fuel manufactured on Mars from atmospheric carbon dioxide, as MOXIE demonstrated in miniature on Perseverance, goes much further than fuel hauled from Earth.

The same modest escape velocity works against the planet's ability to keep gases. Hydrogen from photodissociated water escapes readily, and the solar wind strips heavier ions now that there is no magnetic field to deflect it — the isotopic enrichment of deuterium and of heavy argon in the present atmosphere is the fingerprint of billions of years of that loss. It also explains why impacts can fling rock off Mars: over 300 Martian meteorites have been recovered on Earth.