Escape Velocity of Mars

vesc,Mars=5030 m/sv_{\mathrm{esc},\mathrm{Mars}} = 5030\ \text{m/s}
Value5030 m/s
StatusConventional / typical value
SourceDerived from the JPL DE440 Mars GM and the mean radius
CategoriesAstronomicalsolar-systemplanets
v_esc_mars in every speed unit
meter per second5,030 m/s
kilometer per hour18,108 km/h
foot per second16,502.625 ft/s
mile per hour11,251.79 mph
knot9,777.5378 kn
foot per minute990,157.48 ft/min
centimeter per second503,000 cm/s
meter per hour18,108,000 m/h
meter per day434,592,000 m/d
foot per day1,425,826,800 ft/d

Learning zone

Escaping Mars costs roughly 5.0 km/s against Earth's 11.2, and with a thin atmosphere imposing little drag loss the practical ascent budget is around 4.1 km/s to low Mars orbit. That asymmetry is the foundation of every sample-return and crewed architecture: fuel manufactured on Mars from atmospheric carbon dioxide, as MOXIE demonstrated in miniature on Perseverance, goes much further than fuel hauled from Earth.

The same modest escape velocity works against the planet's ability to keep gases. Hydrogen from photodissociated water escapes readily, and the solar wind strips heavier ions now that there is no magnetic field to deflect it — the isotopic enrichment of deuterium and of heavy argon in the present atmosphere is the fingerprint of billions of years of that loss. It also explains why impacts can fling rock off Mars: over 300 Martian meteorites have been recovered on Earth.