Escape Velocity of Uranus

vesc,Uranus=21,300 m/sv_{\mathrm{esc},\mathrm{Uranus}} = 21,300\ \text{m/s}
Value21,300 m/s
StatusConventional / typical value
SourceNASA NSSDC Planetary Fact Sheet, Uranus (escape velocity)
CategoriesAstronomicalsolar-systemplanets
Escape Velocity of Uranus in every speed unit
millimeter per year672,176,880,000,000 mm/yr
millimeter per hour76,680,000,000 mm/h
foot per day6,037,795,300 ft/d
inch per hour3,018,897,600 in/h
meter per day1,840,320,000 m/d
millimeter per minute1,278,000,000 mm/min
meter per hour76,680,000 m/h
inch per minute50,314,961 in/min
millimeter per second21,300,000 mm/s
foot per minute4,192,913.4 ft/min
centimeter per second2,130,000 cm/s
meter per minute1,278,000 m/min
inch per second838,582.68 in/s
kilometer per hour76,680 km/h
foot per second69,881.89 ft/s
mile per hour47,646.743 mph
knot41,403.888 kn
meter per second21,300 m/s
mach (sea level)62.592934 Ma
kilometer per second21.3 km/s
speed of light0.000071049152 c

Learning zone

At 21.3 km/s, Uranus keeps everything: even hydrogen, the lightest and fastest gas, cannot reach escape speed from an atmosphere at 76 K, the coldest planetary cloud tops in the solar system. The chill is itself a puzzle — alone among the giants, Uranus radiates almost no more heat than it receives, as if its primordial interior heat were lost or locked away, possibly in the same ancient collision that knocked the planet sideways.

The escape velocity a mission cares about runs the other way. Getting to Uranus cheaply means a Jupiter gravity assist, and the windows when Jupiter stands in the right place recur only every 13–14 years — the orbital mechanics behind the urgency in the 2023 decadal survey's call for a Uranus orbiter. Voyager 2 remains the only spacecraft to have used one: its 1986 flyby borrowed Uranus's own gravity to bend onward to Neptune, completing the Grand Tour alignment that occurs once in 175 years.